Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Plummer-Vinson syndrome is a condition that can occur in people with long-term (chronic) iron deficiency anemia. People with this condition have problems swallowing due to small, thin growths of tissue (webs) that partially block the upper food pipe (esophagus).
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are man...
Causes
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown. Genetic factors and a lack of certain nutrients (in particular iron deficiency anemia) may play a role. It is a rare disorder that can be linked to cancers of the esophagus and throat. It is more common in women.
Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- Difficulty swallowing
- Weakness or fatigue from the anemia
Exams and Tests
Your health care provider will do an exam to look for abnormal areas on your skin and nails.
You may have an upper GI series or upper endoscopy to look for abnormal tissue in the food pipe. You may have tests to look for anemia or iron deficiency.
Upper GI series
An upper GI and small bowel series is a set of x-rays taken to examine the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Barium enema is a different test ...
Upper endoscopy
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a test to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine (the duodenum)....
Treatment
Taking iron supplements may improve the swallowing problems. Sometimes, intravenous (IV) iron is needed.
If supplements do not help, the web of tissue can be widened during upper endoscopy. This will allow you to swallow food normally.
Outlook (Prognosis)
People with this condition generally respond to treatment.
Possible Complications
Devices used to stretch the esophagus (dilators) may cause a tear. This can lead to bleeding.
Plummer-Vinson syndrome has been linked to esophageal cancer.
Esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer is cancer that starts in the esophagus. This is the tube through which food moves from the mouth to the stomach.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Contact your provider if:
- Food gets stuck after you swallow it
- You have severe fatigue and weakness
Prevention
Getting enough iron in your diet may prevent this disorder.
Reviewed By
Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Gastroenterologist, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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